Installing Oracle 10g

Oracle Database 10g on other Linux Distributions
People recommended this installation guide for: 
WhiteBox Linux 3 
Works exactly like on RHEL AS 3.
Mandrake 10.0 Community Edition 
Some files/packages were not included with Mandrake 10 which can be downloaded from:
ftp://ftp.rediris.es/sites/carroll.cac.psu.edu/mandrake-devel/cooker/i586/Mandrake/RPMS/setarch-1.3-1mdk.i586.rpm
ftp://194.199.20.114/linux/contrib/openmotif/linux-rpm/openmotif-2.1.30-1_ICS.i386.rpm
Validation/Certification
For Validations/Certifications, go to Oracle's Certification Matrices. 
Table of Contents: 
* Downloading Oracle10g Software and Burning Oracle10g CDs
* Checking Memory and Swap Space
* Checking /tmp Space
* Checking Software Packages (RPMs)
* Checking Kernel Parameters
* Sizing Disk Space for Oracle10g
* Creating Oracle User Accounts
* Setting Shell Limits for the Oracle User
* Creating Oracle Directories
    Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) for 10g (10.1.0.2)
* Setting Oracle Environments
* Installing Oracle10g
    Installing Oracle10g on a Remote Linux Server
    Starting Oracle Universal Installer
    Using Oracle Universal Installer
    Updates after Running Oracle Universal Installer
* Oracle Post-installation Tasks
    Startup and Shutdown of the Oracle10g Database
    Shutdown of other Oracle 10g Background Processes
* Tips and Hints for Oracle10g on Linux
* Oracle10g/Linux Errors and Problems
* References
< Oracle10g Burning and Software>
Download Oracle 10g (32-bit and 64-bit) for Linux from OTN to install linux 10g oracle:
http://otn.oracle.com/software/products/database/oracle10g/index.html 
NOTE: To install a Oracle Database 10g (without RAC) you only need to download the database file ship.db.lnx32.cpio.gz, or 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio etc. 
Compute a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) checksum for the downloaded files and compare the checksum numbers against the numbers posted on OTN's website. For example:
cksum ship.db.lnx32.cpio.gz
Uncompress the downloaded file(s):
gunzip ship.db.lnx32.cpio.gz
Unpack ship.db.lnx32.cpio:
$
cpio -idmv < ship.db.lnx32.cpio
Disk1/stage/Components/oracle.server/10.1.0.3.0/1
Disk1/stage/Components/oracle.server/10.1.0.3.0
Disk1/stage/Components/oracle.server
Disk1/stage/Components/oracle.tg/10.1.0.3.0/1/DataFiles
Disk1/stage/Components/oracle.tg/10.1.0.3.0/1
Disk1/stage/Components/oracle.tg/10.1.0.3.0
Disk1/stage/Components/oracle.tg
Disk1/stage/Components/oracle.assistants.dbca/10.1.0.3.0/1/DataFiles/doc.3.1.jar
Disk1/stage/Components/oracle.assistants.dbca/10.1.0.3.0/1/DataFiles/class.jar
...
I executed the following command to burn the Disk1 directory on a CD:
#
mkisofs -r Disk1 | cdrecord -v dev=0,0,0 speed=20 -
(Drives' speed varies; you can get the dev numbers when you execute cdrecord -scanbus). 
Note that 10g R2 won't fit on a single CD since it has over 780MB. 
< Swap Memory>
Oracle says that the system must have at least 512MB of RAM and 1GB of swap space or twice the size of RAM. And for systems with more than 2 GB of RAM, the swap space can be between one and two times the size of RAM. You might also want to check out Sizing Swap Space. 
For test sake I tried to install an Oracle Database 10g (Type: General Purpose Database) on a little PC with 256MB of RAM and 1 GB of swap space. I was able to get a 10g database up and running on this little PC without a problem. 
To check the size of physical memory, execute:
grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
To check the size of swap space, execute:
grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
You also can add temporary swap space to your system by creating a temporary swap file instead of using a raw device. Here is the procedure:
su - root
dd if=/dev/zero of=tmpswap bs=1k count=900000
chmod 600 tmpswap
mkswap tmpswap
swapon tmpswap
To disable the temporary swap space execute the following commands:
su - root
swapoff tmpswap
rm tmpswap
< tmp>
According to Oracle's documentation, the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) requires up to 400 MB of free space in the /tmp directory. But OUI checks if /tmp is only greater than 80 MB. 
To check the space in /tmp, run:
$
df /tmp
If you do not have enough space in the /tmp filesystem, you can temporarily create a tmp directory in another filesystem. Here is how you can do this:
su - root
mkdir /<AnotherFilesystem>/tmp
chown root.root /<AnotherFilesystem>/tmp
chmod 1777 /<AnotherFilesystem>/tmp
export TEMP=/<AnotherFilesystem>
# used by Oracle
export TMPDIR=/<AnotherFilesystem>
# used by Linux programs like the linker "ld"
When you are done with the Oracle installation, shutdown Oracle and remove the temporary /tmp directory:
su - root
rmdir /<AnotherFilesystem>/tmp
unset TEMP
unset TMPDIR
< Packages>
Before you install an Oracle Database 10g you need to check the system for required RPMs. On my systems I usually install a minimum list of RPMs which usually requires the installation of additional packages for Oracle databases. Always ensure to use the latest RPMs and kernels! 
For 10g R2 (64-bit) on RHEL 4 x86_64, the document Oracle Database Installation Guide 10g Release 2 (10.2) for Linux x86-64 lists the following required package versions or higher: 
  binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4
compat-db-4.1.25-9
control-center-2.8.0-12
gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4
gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4
glibc-2.3.4-2
glibc-common-2.3.4-2
gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1
libstdc++-3.4.3-9.EL4
libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4
make-3.80-5
pdksh-5.2.14-30
sysstat-5.0.5-1
xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2
Also ensure to install the libaio-0.3.96 RPM or a newer version! Otherwise the OUI prerequisite check will fail. 
To check if you are running the x86_64 kernel on a x86_64 platform, run:
  #
uname -mi
x86_64 x86_64
To check the RPMs, run:
rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})n'
binutils compat-db control-center gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common gnome-libs
libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat xscreensaver libaio
It is important to have these x86_64 RPMs installed. The above command will list the architecture of each binary package. You will see that some RPMs are installed twice when you run this command (x86 RPM and x86_64 RPM). You need to ensure that all required x86-64 RPMs listed here are installed. 
For 10g R2 (32-bit) on RHEL 4 x86, the document Oracle Database Release Notes 10g Release 2 (10.2) for Linux x86 lists the following required package versions or higher: 
  binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4
compat-db-4.1.25-9
control-center-2.8.0-12
gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4
gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4
glibc-2.3.4-2
glibc-common-2.3.4-2
gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1
libstdc++-3.4.3-9.EL4
libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4
make-3.80-5
pdksh-5.2.14-30
sysstat-5.0.5-1
xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2
Also ensure to install the libaio-0.3.96 RPM or a newer version! Otherwise the OUI prerequisite check will fail. 
To check the RPMs, run:
rpm -q binutils compat-db control-center gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common gnome-libs
libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat xscreensaver libaio
For 10g R2 (32-bit) on RHEL 3 x86, the document Oracle Database Installation Guide 10g Release 2 (10.2) for Linux x86 lists the following required package versions or higher: 
  make-3.79.1
gcc-3.2.3-34
glibc-2.3.2-95.20
compat-db-4.0.14-5
compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128
compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128
compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128
compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128
openmotif21-2.1.30-8
setarch-1.3-1
Also ensure to install the libaio-0.3.96-5 RPM or a newer version! Otherwise the OUI prerequisite check will fail. 
To check the RPMs, run:
rpm -q make gcc glibc compat-db compat-gcc compat-gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-devel openmotif21 setarch libaio
For 10g R1 (64-bit) on RHEL 3 x86_64, the document Oracle Database Installation Guide 10g Release 1 (10.1.0.3) for Linux x86-64 lists the following required package versions or higher: 
  make-3.79.1
gcc-3.2.3-34
glibc-2.3.2-95.20
glibc-devel-2.3.2-95.20
glibc-devel-2.3.2-95.20   (32 bit)
compat-db-4.0.14-5
compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128
compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128
compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128
compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128
gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-34.1   (32 bit)
openmotif21-2.1.30-8
setarch-1.3-1
libaio-0.3.96-3
libaio-devel-0.3.96-3
To check if you are running the x86_64 kernel on a x86_64 platform, run:
  #
uname -mi
x86_64 x86_64
To check the RPMs, run:
rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})n'
make gcc glibc glibc-devel compat-db compat-gcc compat-gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++
compat-libstdc++-devel gnome-libs openmotif21 setarch libaio libaio-devel
It is important to have the right x86 and x86_64 RPMs installed. The above command will list the architecture of each binary package. And as you can see in the above list, glibc-devel and other RPMs are listed twice. This means that you have to install packages for both architectures, x86 and x86_64. 
For 10g R1 (32-bit) on RHEL 3 x86, the document Oracle Database Installation Guide 10g Release 1 (10.1) for UNIX Systems lists the following required package versions or higher: 
  make-3.79.1
gcc-3.2.3-34
glibc-2.3.2-95.20
compat-db-4.0.14-5
compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128
compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128
compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128
compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128
openmotif21-2.1.30-8
setarch-1.3-1
To check the RPMs, run:
rpm -q make gcc glibc compat-db compat-gcc compat-gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-devel openmotif21 setarch
For 10g R1 (32-bit) on RHEL 2.1, the document Oracle Database Installation Guide 10g Release 1 (10.1) for UNIX Systems lists the following required package versions or higher: 
  make-3.79.1
glibc-2.2.4-32
gcc-2.96-128
gcc-c++-2.96-128
libstdc++-2.96-128
openmotif-2.1.30-11
To check these RPMs, run:
rpm -q make glibc gcc gcc-c++ libstdc++ openmotif
The installation of an Oracle 10g Database worked fine without installing any compatibility RPMs (e.g. compat-gcc, compat-libstdc++). However, since it's listed as a requirement for RHEL 3 I'd recommend to install it on RHEL3 and on newer releases as well. It's not a requirement for RHEL 2.1 though. 
For RHEL 3 and RHEL 2.1 it is also important to have binutils-2.11.90.0.8-12 or a newer version installed. Make sure you have the binutils RPM installed on other releases as well like Fedora Core:
rpm -q binutils
NOTE: OUI for x86 will also complain if the openmotif package is missing (don't confuse it with the openmotif21 package). Also, Red Hat changed the version naming schema from openmotif-2.2.2-16 in the original release to openmotif-2.2.3-5.RHEL3.2 in RHEL3 Update 5. This seems to confuse OUI in RHEL3 U5 since it complaining that it can't find the right openmotif version. I ignored this. The openmotif-2.2.3-5.RHEL3.2 is just a newer version of openmotif-2.2.2-16 which worked fine and I didn't have any problems. To check the RPM, run:
rpm -q openmotif
Also, make sure the redhat-release package is installed. Earlier versions of e.g. RHEL 3 didn't install it by default when you selected a minimum system installation:
rpm -q redhat-release
The setarch utility is new in RHEL4, RHEL3 and Fedora Core. It is used to tell the kernel to report a different architecture than the current one. It is also used to emulate a 3GB virtual address space for applications that don't run properly with a larger virtual address space. To check the RPM, run:
rpm -q setarch
< the>
< 4 AS RHEL on R2>
On my RHEL AS 4 x86_64 system I installed the following RPMs and dependencies:
rpm -Uvh gcc-3.4.4-2.x86_64.rpm
gcc-c++-3.4.4-2.x86_64.rpm
libstdc++-devel-3.4.4-2.x86_64.rpm
cpp-3.4.4-2.x86_64.rpm
glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.13.x86_64.rpm
glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.13.x86_64.rpm
glibc-kernheaders-2.4-9.1.98.EL.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1.x86_64.rpm
compat-db-4.1.25-9.x86_64.rpm
ORBit-0.5.17-14.x86_64.rpm
gtk+-1.2.10-33.x86_64.rpm
imlib-1.9.13-23.x86_64.rpm
libpng10-1.0.16-1.x86_64.rpm
gdk-pixbuf-0.22.0-16.el4.x86_64.rpm
libungif-4.1.3-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh sysstat-5.0.5-1.x86_64.rpm
Note that you also need to install the following i386 and x86_64 RPMs if not already installed, otherwise you will get various different error messages. 
For a detailed list of error messages, see Oracle10g/Linux Errors and Problems.
rpm -Uvh xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-6.8.2-1.EL.13.20.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-libs-6.8.2-1.EL.13.20.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-Mesa-libGL-6.8.2-1.EL.13.20.i386.rpm
expat-1.95.7-4.i386.rpm
fontconfig-2.2.3-7.i386.rpm
freetype-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
zlib-1.2.1.2-1.2.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh libaio-0.3.103-3.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.3.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.13.i386.rpm
libgcc-3.4.4-2.i386.rpm
If you haven't installed Update 3 or later, don't forget to install an updated binutils RPM from https://rhn.redhat.com/ or from http://oss.oracle.com/projects/compat-oracle/files/RedHat/:
rpm -Uvh --force binutils-2.15.92.0.2-13.0.0.0.2.x86_64.rpm
If you don't install a newer binutil RPM from Oracle or RHN, then you will get the following error message:
/usr/bin/ld: /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib//libirc.a(fast_memcpy.o):
relocation R_X86_64_PC32 against `_memcpy_mem_ops_method' can not be usedwhen making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/bin/ld: final link failed: Bad value
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
For more information on this bug, see Bugzilla Bug 679. 
I don't know why the control-center RPM and the xscreensaver RPM are listed as requirements. On my system I did not install these RPMs since I'm against installing desktop stuff on servers, see list below. When I installed 10g R2 I did not experience any problems when these RPMs were missing. But just for completeness I've listed all the RPMs you may have to install if you want to install the control-center and xscreensaver RPMs unless you ignore dependencies:
rpm -Uvh control-center-2.8.0-12.rhel4.2.x86_64.rpm
xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.9.x86_64.rpm
eel2-2.8.1-2.x86_64.rpm
gail-1.8.0-2.x86_64.rpm
gnome-desktop-2.8.0-5.x86_64.rpm
gnome-icon-theme-2.8.0-1.el4.1.3.noarch.rpm
libgail-gnome-1.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
libxklavier-1.02-3.x86_64.rpm
metacity-2.8.6-2.8.x86_64.rpm
nautilus-2.8.1-4.x86_64.rpm
startup-notification-0.7-1.x86_64.rpm
xloadimage-4.1-34.RHEL4.x86_64.rpm
xorg-x11-Mesa-libGLU-6.8.2-1.EL.13.20.x86_64.rpm
at-spi-1.6.0-3.x86_64.rpm
desktop-backgrounds-basic-2.0-26.2.1E.noarch.rpm
eog-2.8.1-2.x86_64.rpm
gnome-panel-2.8.1-3.3E.x86_64.rpm
gnome-vfs2-smb-2.8.2-8.2.x86_64.rpm
hicolor-icon-theme-0.3-3.noarch.rpm
libexif-0.5.12-5.1.x86_64.rpm
librsvg2-2.8.1-1.x86_64.rpm
nautilus-cd-burner-2.8.3-6.x86_64.rpm
redhat-artwork-0.120.1-1.2E.x86_64.rpm
scrollkeeper-0.3.14-3.x86_64.rpm
cdrecord-2.01.1-5.x86_64.rpm
docbook-dtds-1.0-25.noarch.rpm
evolution-data-server-1.0.2-9.x86_64.rpm
intltool-0.31.2-1.x86_64.rpm
libcroco-0.6.0-4.x86_64.rpm
libgnomeprint22-2.8.0-3.x86_64.rpm
libgnomeprintui22-2.8.0-1.x86_64.rpm
libgsf-1.10.1-1.x86_64.rpm
libwnck-2.8.1-1.rhel4.1.x86_64.rpm
mkisofs-2.01.1-5.x86_64.rpm
samba-common-3.0.10-1.4E.2.x86_64.rpm
ghostscript-7.07-33.x86_64.rpm
ghostscript-fonts-5.50-13.noarch.rpm
gnutls-1.0.20-3.2.1.x86_64.rpm
libgnomecups-0.1.12-5.x86_64.rpm
libsoup-2.2.1-2.x86_64.rpm
openjade-1.3.2-14.x86_64.rpm
perl-XML-Parser-2.34-5.x86_64.rpm
sgml-common-0.6.3-17.noarch.rpm
urw-fonts-2.2-6.1.noarch.rpm
xml-common-0.6.3-17.noarch.rpm
VFlib2-2.25.6-25.x86_64.rpm
chkfontpath-1.10.0-2.x86_64.rpm
perl-URI-1.30-4.noarch.rpm
perl-libwww-perl-5.79-5.noarch.rpm
xorg-x11-font-utils-6.8.2-1.EL.13.20.x86_64.rpm
perl-HTML-Parser-3.35-6.x86_64.rpm
xorg-x11-xfs-6.8.2-1.EL.13.20.x86_64.rpm
perl-HTML-Tagset-3.03-30.noarch.rpm
ttmkfdir-3.0.9-14.1.EL.x86_64.rpm
<>
On my RHEL AS 4 x86 system I had to install the following RPMs and dependencies to meet the software requirements:
rpm -Uvh gcc-3.4.4-2.i386.rpm
gcc-c++-3.4.4-2.i386.rpm
libstdc++-devel-3.4.4-2.i386.rpm
glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.13.i386.rpm
glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.13.i386.rpm
glibc-kernheaders-2.4-9.1.98.EL.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1.i386.rpm
compat-db-4.1.25-9.i386.rpm
ORBit-0.5.17-14.i386.rpm
gtk+-1.2.10-33.i386.rpm
imlib-1.9.13-23.i386.rpm
libpng10-1.0.16-1.i386.rpm
gdk-pixbuf-0.22.0-16.el4.i386.rpm
libungif-4.1.3-1.i386.rpm
alsa-lib-1.0.6-5.RHEL4.i386.rpm
audiofile-0.2.6-1.i386.rpm
esound-0.2.35-2.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh sysstat-5.0.5-1.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh libaio-0.3.103-3.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-6.8.2-1.EL.13.20.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.3.i386.rpm
I don't know why the control-center RPM and the xscreensaver RPM are listed as requirements. On my system I did not install these RPMs since I'm against installing desktop stuff on servers. When I installed 10g R2 I did not experience any problems when these RPMs were missing. When you want to install control-center RPM and the xscreensaver, then have fun. The list can be very long with all the dependencies like gnome-desktop, cdrecord etc.. 
< 4 AS RHEL on R1>
NOTE: No certification has been projected for 10g R1 64-bit on RHEL AS 4 (x86_64) at the time of this writing. 
On my RHEL AS 4 x86_64 system I installed the following RPMs and dependencies:
rpm -Uvh gcc-3.4.3-22.1.x86_64.rpm
cpp-3.4.3-22.1.x86_64.rpm
glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.9.x86_64.rpm
glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.9.x86_64.rpm
glibc-kernheaders-2.4-9.1.87.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.9.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh openmotif-2.2.3-9.RHEL4.1.x86_64.rpm
xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-6.8.2-1.EL.13.6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-6.8.2-1.EL.13.6.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-libs-6.8.2-1.EL.13.6.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-Mesa-libGL-6.8.2-1.EL.13.6.i386.rpm
expat-1.95.7-4.i386.rpm fontconfig-2.2.3-7.i386.rpm
freetype-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm zlib-1.2.1.2-1.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh libgcc-3.4.3-22.1.i386.rpm
You will get various different error messages during the installation if not all of these RPMs are installed on your system for 10g R1 64-bit. 
For more information, see Oracle10g/Linux Errors and Problems. 
< R1>
On my RHEL AS 4 x86 system I had to install the following RPMs and dependencies to meet the software requirements:
rpm -Uvh gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4.i386.rpm
glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.i386.rpm
glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.i386.rpm
glibc-kernheaders-2.4-9.1.87.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh openmotif-2.2.3-6.RHEL4.2.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-6.8.1-23.EL.i386.rpm
Note that the 10g 10.1.0.3 OUI Product-specific Prerequisite check will fail for the gcc, binutils, and openmotif versions. You can ignore these failed checks and proceed. 
The redhat-release RPM should already be installed by default. But note that 10.1.0.3.0 OUI does not recognize RHEL AS 4 as a supported release yet. This means you will have to edit the /etc/redhat-release file, see below, or you apply the 4153257 patch for 10g R1 on RHEL 4. 10g R2 does recognise RHEL AS 4 as a supported platform. 
< R1 3>
On my RHEL AS 3 x86 system I had to install the following RPMs and dependencies to meet the software requirements:
rpm -Uvh gcc-3.2.3-52.i386.rpm
cpp-3.2.3-52.i386.rpm
glibc-devel-2.3.2-95.33.i386.rpm
glibc-headers-2.3.2-95.33.i386.rpm
glibc-kernheaders-2.4-8.34.1.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh compat-db-4.0.14-5.1.i386.rpm
compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128.i386.rpm
compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128.i386.rpm
compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128.i386.rpm
compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128.i386.rpm
tcl-8.3.5-92.2.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh libaio-0.3.96-5.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh openmotif21-2.1.30-9.RHEL3.6.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh openmotif-2.2.3-5.RHEL3.2.i386.rpm
< AS RHEL on R1 3>
On my RHEL AS 3 x86_64 system I had to install the following RPMs and dependencies to meet the software requirements:
rpm -Uvh gcc-3.2.3-52.x86_64.rpm
cpp-3.2.3-52.x86_64.rpm
glibc-devel-2.3.2-95.33.x86_64.rpm
glibc-headers-2.3.2-95.33.x86_64.rpm
glibc-kernheaders-2.4-8.34.1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2.3.2-95.33.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh compat-db-4.0.14-5.1.x86_64.rpm
compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128.i386.rpm
compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128.i386.rpm
compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128.i386.rpm
compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128.i386.rpm
tcl-8.3.5-92.2.x86_64.rpm
libgcc-3.2.3-52.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh libaio-0.3.96-5.x86_64.rpm
libaio-devel-0.3.96-5.x86_64.rpm
# RHEL AS 3 x86_64 U5 does not come with a i386 gnome-libs RPM 
rpm -Uvh gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-34.2.x86_64.rpm
ORBit-0.5.17-10.4.x86_64.rpm
audiofile-0.2.3-7.1.x86_64.rpm
esound-0.2.28-6.x86_64.rpm
gtk+-1.2.10-31.x86_64.rpm
imlib-1.9.13-13.4.x86_64.rpm
gdk-pixbuf-0.22.0-12.el3.x86_64.rpm
libpng10-1.0.13-15.x86_64.rpm
libungif-4.1.0-15.x86_64.rpm
# RHEL AS 3 x86_64 U5 does not come with a x86_64 openmotif21 RPM 
rpm -Uvh openmotif21-2.1.30-9.RHEL3.6.i386.rpm
XFree86-libs-4.3.0-81.EL.i386.rpm
XFree86-Mesa-libGL-4.3.0-81.EL.i386.rpm
expat-1.95.5-6.i386.rpm
fontconfig-2.2.1-13.i386.rpm
freetype-2.1.4-4.0.i386.rpm
zlib-1.1.4-8.1.i386.rpm
Make sure to use the right i386 and x86_64 RPMs as listed above! 
Note, if you don't install the i386 XFree86-libs RPM, you will get an error message similar to this one:
/tmp/OraInstall2005-06-15_07-36-25AM/jre/1.4.2/lib/i386/libawt.so: libXp.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
For more information, see Oracle10g/Linux Errors and Problems. 
< R1 2.1>
On my RHEL AS 2.1 x86 system I had to install the following RPMs and dependencies to meet the software requirements:
rpm -Uvh glibc-2.2.4-32.11.i686.rpm
glibc-common-2.2.4-32.11.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh gcc-2.96-108.1.i386.rpm
binutils-2.11.90.0.8-12.i386.rpm
cpp-2.96-108.1.i386.rpm
glibc-devel-2.2.4-32.11.i386.rpm
kernel-headers-2.4.9-e.3.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh openmotif-2.1.30-11.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh redhat-release-as-2.1AS-4.noarch.rpm
I had to upgrade glibc in order to pass Oracle's "Product-specific Prerequisite" checks. Oracle's recommended glibc version is 2.2.4.31.7 or higher. 
There is no setarch RPM for RHEL AS 2.1. 
Also, it's important to install a newer kernel version for RHEL AS 2.1. Definitely don't use a kernel older than 2.4.9-e.25. To check the kernel version run uname -r. For more information on upgrading the kernel, see Upgrading the Linux Kernel
. 
< Core Fedora>
On my FC4 system I had to install the following RPMs and dependencies to meet the software requirements:
rpm -Uvh gcc-4.0.0-8.i386.rpm
cpp-4.0.0-8.i386.rpm
glibc-devel-2.3.5-10.i386.rpm
glibc-headers-2.3.5-10.i386.rpm
glibc-kernheaders-2.4-9.1.94.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.fc4.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh openmotif-2.2.3-10.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-6.8.2-31.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh openmotif21-2.1.30-14.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh libaio-0.3.104-2.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh selinux-policy-targeted-1.25.2-4.noarch.rpm
NOTE: I also had to patch the SELinux policy by upgrading the selinux-policy-targeted RPM. You can download the latest version from http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/core/updates/4/i386/. If you don't upgrade to a newer version you will get the following error:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /tmp/OraInstall2005-07-24_09-03-19AM/jre/1.4.2/lib/i386/libawt.so:
/tmp/OraInstall2005-07-24_09-03-19AM/jre/1.4.2/lib/i386/libawt.so: cannot restore segment prot after reloc: Permission denied
You could also disable SELinux which I don't recommend. For more information, see Oracle10g/Linux Errors and Problems. 
< R1 3 Core Fedora>
On my FC3 system I had to install the following RPMs and dependencies to meet the software requirements:
rpm -Uvh gcc-3.4.2-6.fc3.i386.rpm
cpp-3.4.2-6.fc3.i386.rpm
glibc-devel-2.3.3-74.i386.rpm
glibc-headers-2.3.3-74.i386.rpm
glibc-kernheaders-2.4-9.1.87.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh openmotif-2.2.3-6.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-6.8.1-12.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh openmotif21-2.1.30-11.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh setarch-1.6-1.i386.rpm
The gcc version that comes with FC3 will not pass Oracle's "Product-specific Prerequisite" checks. I ignored this warning on FC3. 
< R1 Core Fedora 1>
On my FC1 system I had to install the following RPMs and dependencies to meet the software requirements:
rpm -Uvh gcc-3.3.2-1.i386.rpm
glibc-devel-2.3.2-101.i386.rpm
cpp-3.3.2-1.i386.rpm
glibc-headers-2.3.2-101.i386.rpm
glibc-kernheaders-2.4-8.36.i386.rpm
binutils-2.14.90.0.6-3.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh openmotif-2.2.2-16.1.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh setarch-1.0-1.i386.rpm
FC1 is not supported by Oracle and you will have a hard time to find the right RPM version for Oracle10g. I tried to use the RPMs that came with the FC1 CDs which are easily available to everyone. I did not had any problems installing an Oracle Database 10g (General Purpose Database) on FC1 with these RPMs. 
< R1 9 Hat Red>
On my RH9 system I had to install the following RPMs and dependencies to meet the software requirements:
rpm -Uvh openmotif-2.2.2-14.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh gcc-3.2.2-5.i386.rpm
glibc-devel-2.3.2-5.i386.rpm
cpp-3.2.2-5.i386.rpm
glibc-kernheaders-2.4-8.10.i386.rpm
binutils-2.13.90.0.18-9.i386.rpm
There is no setarch RPM for RH9. RH9 is not supported by Oracle. 
redhat-release File
Verify that the redhat-release RPM is installed on your Red Hat system:
rpm -q redhat-release
This RPM is important for RHEL since RHEL AS 4, RHEL AS 3, and RHEL AS 2.1 are Linux releases supported by Oracle. Without this RPM, Oracle 10g OUI won't be able to recognize it as a supported OS. However, the installer of 10g 10.1.0.3 does not recognize RHEL AS 4 as a supported release yet. This means that you will have to edit the /etc/redhat-release file. You also have to change /etc/redhat-release for unsupported releases like Fedora Core and RH9. 
I do not recommend to execute "runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs" since this will disable other checks you probably don't want to. 
On RHEL AS 4 (for 10g R1), RH9, and FC 1 you have to change the /etc/redhat-release file to make Oracle 10g believe it's running on a supported release. 
Regarding RHEL AS 4, the installer for 10g 10.1.0.3 does not recognize RHEL AS 4 as a supported release but 10g R2 OUI does. 
To change the /etc/redhat-release file, you can simply copy/paste the following commands:
su - root
cp /etc/redhat-release /etc/redhat-release.orig
cat > /etc/redhat-release << EOF
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 3 (Taroon)
EOF
After you are done with the Oracle10g installation, undo the changes you made to /etc/redhat-release:
su - root
cp /etc/redhat-release.orig /etc/redhat-release
NOTE: On FC3 you don't have to edit /etc/redhat-release since the OUI is not very clever. If OUI finds e.g. digit number "3" in the /etc/redhat-release file, you pass the "operating system version" check since it believes it's a RHEL3 system. 
< Kernel>
To see all kernel parameters, execute:
su - root
sysctl -a
For Oracle10g, the following kernel parameters have to be set to values greater than or equal to the recommended values which can be changed in the proc filesystem:
shmmax  = 2147483648     (To verify, execute:
cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
)
shmmni  = 4096           (To verify, execute:
cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
)
shmall  = 2097152        (To verify, execute:
cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
)   (for 10g R1)
shmmin  = 1              (To verify, execute:
ipcs -lm |grep "min seg size"
)
shmseg  = 10             (It's hardcoded in the kernel - the default is much higher)
semmsl = 250 (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem | awk '{print $1}')
semmns = 32000 (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem | awk '{print $2}')
semopm = 100 (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem | awk '{print $3}')
semmni = 128 (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem | awk '{print $4}')
file-max = 65536 (To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max)
ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
(To verify, execute: cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range)
NOTE: Do not change the value of any kernel parameter on a system where it is already higher than listed as minimum requirement. 
On RHEL AS 4 x86, RHEL AS 3 U5 x86, RHEL AS 3 U5 x86_64, RHEL AS 2.1, RH9, FC1, FC3, and FC4 I had to increase the kernel parameters shmmax, semopm, and filemax to meet the minimum requirement. On RHEL AS 4 x86_64 I had to increase shmmax and semopm. 
Oracle also recommends to set the local port range ip_local_port_range for outgoing messages to "1024 65000" which is needed for high-usage systems. This kernel parameter defines the local port range for TCP and UDP traffic to choose from. 
I added the following lines to the /etc/sysctl.conf file which is used during the boot process:
kernel.shmmax=2147483648
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max=65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=1024 65000
Adding these lines to the /etc/sysctl.conf file will cause the system to change these kernel parameters after each boot using the /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit script which is invoked by /etc/inittab. But in order that these new added lines or settings in /etc/sysctl.conf become effective immediately, execute the following command:
su - root
sysctl -p
Starting with 10g R2 some network settings must be adjusted as well which is checked by OUI. For more information on setting these parameters, see Changing Network Kernel Settings. 
For more information on shmmax, shmmni, shmmin, shmseg, and shmall, see Setting Shared Memory. 
For more information on semmsl, semmni, semmns, and semopm, see Setting Semaphores. 
For more information on filemax, see Setting File Handles. 
< for Space Disk>
Oracle says that about 2.5 GB of disk space should be reserved for the Oracle software on Linux. 
When I did an Oracle 10g Release 1 (10.1.0.3.0) "General Purpose Database" installation (not including any software from the Oracle Database 10g Companion CD), the Oracle software used about 1.3 GB of disk space, and the preconfigured "General Purpose Database" (datafiles, etc.) used about 710 MB of disk space.
$
du -m -s /u01
1963    /u01
$
du -m -s /u01/app/oracle/oradata
720     /u01/app/oracle/oradata
If you also install additional software from the Oracle Database 10g Companion CD, then add at least 1 GB of free disk space. 
So if you install Oracle10g Enterprise Edition and additional software from the Oracle Database 10g Companion CD, then you need about 2.5 GB of disk for the Oracle software. And if you also want to add a preconfigured database on the same filesystem, make sure to add another 1 GB of disk space. 
NOTE: If you don't put Oracle10g on a separate filesystems, then make sure the root filesystem "/" has enough disk space. You can check the free space of the root filesystem with the following command:
df -h /
< Management Storage Automatic>
For more information on installing and configuring ASM, see Installing and Configuring Automatic Storage Management (ASM) and Disks. And for information on how to make use of ASM disk groups when running OUI, see Installing Oracle Database 10g with Real Application Cluster (RAC). 
< User Oracle>
To create the oracle account and groups, execute the following commands:
su - root
groupadd dba
# group of users to be granted SYSDBA system privilege
groupadd oinstall
# group owner of Oracle files
useradd -c "Oracle software owner" -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle
For more information on the "oinstall" group account, see When to use "OINSTALL" group during install of oracle. 
< Limits Shell>
Most shells like Bash provide control over various resources like the maximum allowable number of open file descriptors or the maximum number of processes available to a user. For more information on ulimit for the Bash shell, see man bash and search for ulimit. 
If you just install a small test database, then you might be ok with the current settings (note that the limits very often vary). But for (larger) production databases, you should increase the following shell limits to the following values recommended by Oracle:
nofile = 65536     (To verify, execute:
ulimit -n
)
nproc  = 16384     (To verify, execute:
ulimit -u
)
The nofile option denotes the maximum number of open file descriptors, and nproc denotes the maximum number of processes available to a single user. 
To see all shell limits, execute:
ulimit -a
The following procedures/links show how to increase these parameters for the oracle user account: 
For more information on nofile and how to increase the limit, see Setting Limits for the Maximum Number of Open File Descriptors for the Oracle User. Even though this procedure was written for Oracle9i on RHAS 2.1, it also applies to Oracle10g on RHEL AS 2.1, RHEL AS 3, and other versions. 
For more information on nproc and how to increase the limit, see Setting Limits for the Maximum Number of Processes for the Oracle User. Even though this procedure was written for Oracle9i on RHAS 2.1, it also applies to Oracle10g on RHEL AS 2.1, RHEL AS 3, and other versions. 
<>
For Oracle10g you only need to create the directory for $ORACLE_BASE:
su - root
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown oracle.oinstall /u01/app/oracle
But if you want to comply with Oracle's Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA), then you don't want to place the database files in the /u01 directory but in another directory/filesystem/disk like /u02. This is not a requirement but if you want to comply with OFA, then you might want to create the following directories as well:
su - root
mkdir -p /u02/oradata/orcl
chown oracle.oinstall /u02/oradata/orcl
In this example, "orcl" stands for the name of the database which will also be the name of the instance. This is typically the case for single instance databases. 
< 10g (OFA) Architecture Flexible>
The OFA standard is a guideline created by Oracle to ensure reliable Oracle installations. For Oracle 10g Database, the OFA recommended Oracle home path has changed. 
The home path for the first 10g (10.1.0) database installation on a system would be:
  /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1
If you would install a second Oracle 10g Database 10g (10.1.0) on the same system, the Oracle home directory would be as follows:
  /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_2
If the Oracle10g software is not owned by the user oracle but by the user "oraowner", then the path of the Oracle home directory would be:
  /u01/app/oraowner/product/10.1.0/db_1
/u01/app/oraowner/product/10.1.0/db_2
The standard directory name for Oracle10g is "app":
  /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1
Oracle recommends to use mount points such as /u01, /u02, etc. which complies with the OFA guidelines. But others can be used, for example:
  /disk_1/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1
The subtree for database files not stored in ASM disk groups should be named as follows:
  /u02/oradata/<db_name_1>
/u02/oradata/<db_name_2>
/u03/oradata/<db_name_1>
/u03/oradata/<db_name_2>
The mount point /u01 should be used for the Oracle software only. /u02, /u03, /u04 etc. should be used for the database files. The db_name stands for the DB_NAME initialization parameter which is typically the same as the SID name for single instance databases. 
<>
Since the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) "runInstaller" is run from the oracle account, some environment variables must be configured for this account before OUI is started. 
Execute the following commands for the Bash shell which is the default shell on Red Hat Linux (to verify your shell run: echo $SHELL):
su - oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
NOTE: If ORACLE_BASE is used, then Oracle recommends that you don't set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable but that you choose the default path suggested by the OUI. You can set and use ORACLE_HOME after you finished running OUI. 
Also, the environment variables ORACLE_HOME and TNS_ADMIN should not be set. If you've already set these environment variables, you can unset them by running the following commands:
unset ORACLE_HOME
unset TNS_ADMIN
To have these environment variables set automatically each time you login as oracle, you can add these environment variables to the ~oracle/.bash_profile file which is the user startup file for the Bash shell on Red Hat Linux. To do this you could simply copy/paste the following commands to make these settings permanent for your oracle's Bash shell:
su - oracle
cat >> ~oracle/.bash_profile << EOF
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
EOF
<>
< Linux Remote a>
If you don't install Oracle on your local system but on a remote server, then you need to relink X to your local desktop. The easiest way to do this is to use the "X11 forwarding" feature of ssh. This means that you don't have to run xhost and set the DISPLAY environment variable. 
Here is an example how to make use of the "X11 forward" feature of ssh. Simply run the following command from your local desktop:
$
ssh -X oracle@oracle_remote_server_name
Now when you try to run any GUI tool on the remote server, it will automatically be relinked to your local desktop. If this is not working, verify that the ForwardX11 setting is not set to "no" in /etc/ssh/ssh_config on the remote server:
su - root
#
grep ForwardX11 /etc/ssh/ssh_config | grep -v "^#"
ForwardX11 yes
#
If you are using telnet, however, you will have to set DISPLAY manually, see my other article Starting runInstaller for more information. 
< Universal>
Insert the Oracle CD that contains the image of the downloaded file ship.db.lnx32.cpio, or change to the directory that contains the image directory Disk1. 
If you install Oracle10g from a CD, mount the CD by running the following commands in another terminal:
su - root
mount /mnt/cdrom
For RHEL AS 4, RHEL AS 3, and FC3 you have to execute:
su - root
mount /media/cdrom
Before you execute runInstaller, make sure the Oracle environment variables are set, see Setting Oracle Environments. You can verify the settings by running the set command:
su - oracle
oracle$
set
To execute runInstaller from the mounted CD, run the following command as the oracle user:
oracle$
/mnt/cdrom/runInstaller
On RHEL AS 4, RHEL AS 3, and FC3 run the following command:
oracle$
/media/cdrom/runInstaller
< Installer>
The following example shows how to install x86 Oracle 10g Release 1 Database Software and a "General Purpose" database:
(Note, the screens and questions will look different if you install 10g R2 or 64-bit 10g R1 database)
 - Welcome Screen:
- Basic Installation:      
Checked it which is the default
- Oracle Home Location:    
Use default: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1
- Installation Type:       
I used the default: Enterprise Edition
- UNIX DBA Group:          
Use default: dba
- Create Starter Databases:
I checked it for this example which is the default
- Global Database Name:    
orcl
- Database password:       
Type in the password for SYS, SYSTEM, SYSMAN, and DBSNMP accounts
- Advanced Installation:   
For this article I did not check it
Click Next
- Specify Inventory directory and credentials:
- Full path of the inventory directory: Use default: /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
- Specify Operating System group name: Use default: oinstall
Click Next
- A window pops up to run the orainstRoot.sh script:
Run the script in another terminal:
su - root
# /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Creating the Oracle inventory pointer file (/etc/oraInst.loc)
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
#
Click Continue
- Product-specific Prerequisite Checks:
Verify that all checks have been passed.
Make sure that the status of each Check is set to "Succeeded".
On RHEL AS 4 ignore the warnings for binutils, gcc, and openmotif and proceed.
If a check failed, see Oracle10g Installation Errors on Linux.
Note that the "Retry" button doesn't work after you fixed one of the failed checks.
Click Next
- Select Database Configuration:
I selected "General Purpose".
Click Next
- Specify Database Configuration Options:
- Global Database Name: I used "orcl".
- SID: I used "orcl".
Click Next
- Select Database Management Option:
I selected "Use Database Control for Database Management".
Click Next
- Specify Database File Storage Option:
I selected "File System".
- File System
- Specify Database file location: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/
If you want to comply with OFA, you might want to select another mount point
than '/u01', e.g. /u02/oradata.
Click Next
- Specify Backup and Recovery Options:
For my test installation I selected "Do no enable Automated Backups".
Click Next
- Specify Database Schema Passwords:
Make sure that the password(s) don't start with a digit number! Otherwise you
will later get error message(s) like "ORA-00988 missing or invalid password".
Click Next
- Summary: Click Install
If Enterprise manager configuration fails due to port allocation problems,
check out Oracle10g/Linux Errors and Problems.
When a window pops up to run the root.sh script, execute the script
in another terminal as root:
su - root
# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/root.sh
Running Oracle10 root.sh script...
nThe following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
nCreating /etc/oratab file...
Adding entry to /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
/var/opt/oracle does not exist. Creating it now.
/etc/oracle does not exist. Creating it now.
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
Oracle Cluster Registry for cluster has been initialized
Adding to inittab
Checking the status of Oracle init process...
Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds.
CSS is active on these nodes.
mars
CSS is active on all nodes.
Oracle CSS service is installed and running under init(1M)
#
Click OK
- End of Installation:
Click Exit
< Universal Running after>
After Oracle10g has been installed, make sure that ORACLE_HOME, PATH, and LD_LIBRARY_PATH are set for the oracle account. 
Note that the path for ORACLE_HOME might be different on your system!
Also note that LD_LIBRARY_PATH is needed for some Oracle binaries such as sysresv! 
For 10g R1 (10.1.0.3) I added the following lines to the ~oracle/.bash_profile file:
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.1.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
For 10g R2 (10.2.0.1.0) I added the following lines to the ~oracle/.bash_profile file:
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
After that run the following command to set all environment variables in ~oracle/.bash_profile:
$
. ~oracle/.bash_profile
This commmand will add the environment variables to the ~oracle/.profile and source in the file for the current shell by executing ". ~oracle/.bash_profile". 
NOTE: Do not add a trailing "/" on the ORACLE_HOME environment variable. Otherwise you will get the error "ORACLE not available" when you try to connect to sys, see Oracle10g/Linux Errors and Problems for more information. 
< Post-installation>
Before you continue, make sure you followed the steps at Updates after Running Oracle Universal Installer. 
< of Shutdown>
To startup the database:
oracle$
sqlplus /nolog
SQL>
connect / as sysdba
SQL>
startup
To shutdown the database:
oracle$
sqlplus /nolog
SQL>
connect / as sysdba
SQL>
shutdown
The slash connects you to the schema owned by SYS. In the above example you will be connected to the schema owned by SYS with the privilege SYSDBA. SYSDBA gives you the following privileges: 
  - sysoper privileges WITH ADMIN OPTION
  - create database
  - recover database until
< Background other>
If you installed a preconfigured database using OUI, then several Oracle background processes are now running on your server. Execute the following command to see the background processes:
ps -ef
To shutdown the Oracle background processes after an Oracle Database 10g installation, you can execute the following commands: 
    * iSQL*Plus
To stop iSQL*Plus, run:
 su - oracle
isqlplusctl stop
    * Database Management Processes
During the installation of Oracle 10g, OUI offered two Database Management Options:
If you selected "Database Control for Database Management", then the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control (Database Control) can be shutdown with the following command which stops both the agent and the Oracle Containers for Java (OC4J) management service:
 su - oracle
emctl stop dbconsole
 If you selected "Grid Control for Database Management" which is used for full "Grid Control" installations, then the Oracle Management Agent (standalone agent) for the Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control (Grid Control) can be stopped with the following command:
 su - oracle
emctl stop agent
    * Oracle Net Listener
To stop the listener, run:
 su - oracle
lsnrctl stop
    * Cluster Synchronization Services (CSS)
To shutdown Oracle CSS daemon, run:
 su - root
/etc/rc.d/init.d/init.cssd stop
 < Hints>
    * To reinstall Oracle10g after a failed installation attempt, you might want to execute the following commands.
Make sure you first used the De-installation option in OUI.
 su - root
 export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1
. $ORACLE_HOME/bin/localconfig delete
# stops the Oracle CSS daemon and deletes configuration
 rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/*
rm -f /etc/oraInst.loc /etc/oratab
rm -rf /etc/oracle
rm -f /etc/inittab.cssd
rm -f /usr/local/bin/coraenv /usr/local/bin/dbhome /usr/local/bin/oraenv
Make also sure to
 unset
 and uncomment
 ORACLE_HOME
 from
 ~oracle/.bash_profile
 .